It has been believed in India that reduction of hardness of water can solve the scale issues. And therefore, the parameters of the raw water (hardness) are always checked, and some attempts to reduce hardness, namely, Ca and Mg ions, are taken by RO or a softener, though this cannot be so effective. Also, in some cases, like RO, acid chemicals are used for water not to go alkalised under the assumption that the formation of scales is likely to happen at a higher PH, which cannot be the case with WTS.